-
Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement (UTM): Reading a Steel Hull’s True Age
How ultrasonic thickness measurement works, how a proper reading grid is planned, what wastage percentages mean, and why a handful of spot readings is an anecdote rather than a survey.
-
MARPOL, ISM & ISPS Condition Surveys: A Plain-English Primer
What MARPOL, ISM and ISPS condition surveys actually check, why these three regimes cause most port state control detentions, and what an owner can fix before an inspector arrives.
-
Tonnage Measurement & Certificates in Indonesia: Who Can Issue Them
What gross and net tonnage actually measure, why a rebuilt deckhouse can change a vessel's registration category, and who is authorised to issue a tonnage certificate for an Indonesian-flag vessel.